Review of week 28th May - 1st June:

Routine Analysis of Urine

This will usually involve two main steps

1. Multiple reagent test strip
2. Urine Microscopic Exam

Sample Collection and Analysis Recommendation

• First morning sample
• Midstream, clean catch collection
• Minimum volume of 3 ml (1 ml for children)
• Analyze within 1-2 hours or refrigerate

The sample should be analyzed first macroscopically for its appearance (e.g. color), odor, etc
The urine chemistry strip is used to determine specific gravity, pH, protein, blood, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, etc

Microscopically, urine is examined for cells (RBCs, WBCs, epithelial cells, etc), bacteria, casts, crystals, etc.

Key QuestionWhat is the value of each of the items looked out for during urine macroscopic or microscopic examination?

What is their relationship to parasitology?

Reading Lists:

1. Manual of Basic Techniques (By WHO)

      Chapter 7. Examination of urine  -----------  Start Page: 233

The following are some useful weblinks. Right Click and open in a new tab or window to view them

2. Urine analysis

3. Urine Analysis and Urine Microscopy

4. Complete Urinalysis

5. Urine Analysis

6. Urine Analysis

7. Family Practice: Urine Analysis

8. Family Practice: Urine Microscopy

Routine Analysis of Stool

This particular topic has been covered several times. I will therefore give you just an overview and recommend that you go back and read the previous notes and your textbooks.

Reading Lists / Additional Information
1. Stool Analysis (Click to download)
2. CDC Parasite Image Library
3. Other Useful Links

• 1. Preparing thin and thick blood films with capillary or venous blood
• 2. Staining blood films with Giemsa stain
• 3. Staining blood films with Field's stain according to WHO
• 4. Concentration method for Microfilariae with Formaldehyde Solution (+ Delafield's haematoxylin stain)
• 5. Fresh Stool Examination (Wet mount)
• 6. Sedimentation and SAF*-Ether Concentration (*SAF: Sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin solution)
• 7. SAF* method for stool specimen (*SAF: Sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin solution)
• 8. KATO-Katz technique for helminth eggs
• 9. Adhesive tape method for the detection of pinworm eggs

4. Diagnostic Decision Trees in Parasitology
5. Parasite Infections
6. Diagnostic Procedures

Review of the week 21st - 25th May, 2012

Today we covered the following areas:
1. Overview of Parasitological Examination of

• Stool
• Urine
• Sputum
• Other body fluids and biopsies

2. Serological applications of diagnostic parasitology

At our practical, we had a hands-on experience of an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the detection of Toxoplasma IgM antibodies in human serum.

Send your questions and comments to me for any clarification. You may post questions as comments to this post so others can also read the questions and the responses as well. Anyone may answer any question or share an idea on this platform.